Underwater excavation is called dredging. While essential to maintain ports and channels and to meet other needs, such as fighting the impacts of climate change by building sand dunes, such operations can cause severe environmental impacts in the marine environment. This chapter overviews the dredging process and equipment, followed by a presentation of the environmental concerns associated with dredging and disposal or placement for beneficial uses. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the international regulatory regime and remarks on future trends - hydraulic dredging . A typical dredging project goes through several phases, and data is collected during each: Project planning, advertising, bidding, contract award, contractor, dredge equipment, dredging, placement, inspection, timekeeping, project completion, and payment. We provide access to dredging resources that can be used to record data, monitor dredging act...